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Mantra · Hindu practice

Hare Krishna Maha Mantra

O Hari, O Kṛṣṇa, O Rāma — an address to the divine by name, not a sentence with a predicate

हरे कृष्ण हरे कृष्ण कृष्ण कृष्ण हरे हरे हरे राम हरे राम राम राम हरे हरे

Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Hare Hare Hare Rāma Hare Rāma Rāma Rāma Hare Hare

Sixteen names in thirty-two syllables, central to Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava devotion. In this tradition, chanting the divine names is itself a way of relating to the divine.

Source: Kali-Santaraṇa Upaniṣad (Hare Rāma first); displayed in Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava order

The count shown here is Japa's suggestion, not a rule of the tradition. Follow the form and number you were taught.

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हरे कृष्ण हरे कृष्ण कृष्ण कृष्ण हरे हरे हरे राम हरे राम राम राम हरे हरे

Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Hare Hare Hare Rāma Hare Rāma Rāma Rāma Hare Hare

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What the words say

Not a sentence. Hare is a vocative — of Harā, a name of Rādhā, or of Hari, depending on the commentator. Kṛṣṇa and Rāma are the names addressed. Nothing is asked for and nothing is asserted; the mantra is entirely address, which is the point commentators return to.

Where it comes from

The Kali-Santaraṇa Upaniṣad transmits the mantra with the Hare Rāma lines first. The form displayed here places the Hare Kṛṣṇa lines first, as used in Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava practice associated with Caitanya Mahāprabhu and later taught internationally by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda.

How it is practised

Counted on a mala of 108 tulasī beads; initiated ISKCON devotees undertake sixteen rounds a day, which is 1,728 recitations. It is also sung in kīrtan, where counting is not the point at all.

References

  • Kali-Santaraṇa Upaniṣad
  • Caitanya Caritāmṛta, Madhya-līlā, on the name in the present age

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